Table of Contents
Unit One: Ordinary Differential Equations - Part One
Introduction - Unit One  | 
	
Chapter 1: First-Order Differential Equations
Introduction - Chapter 1  | 
	|
Section 1.1  | 
		Introduction  | 
	
Section 1.2  | 
		Terminology  | 
	
Section 1.3  | 
		The Direction Field  | 
	
Section 1.4  | 
		Picard Iteration  | 
	
Section 1.5  | 
		Existence and Uniqueness for the Initial Value Problem  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 1  | 
	|
Chapter 2: Models Containing ODEs
Introduction - Chapter 2  | 
	|
Section 2.1  | 
		Exponential Growth and Decay  | 
	
Section 2.2  | 
		Logistic Models  | 
	
Section 2.3  | 
		Mixing Tank Problems - Constant and Variable Volumes  | 
	
Section 2.4  | 
		Newton's Law of Cooling  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 2  | 
	|
Chapter 3: Methods for Solving First-Order ODEs
Introduction - Chapter 3  | 
	|
Section 3.1  | 
		Separation of Variables  | 
	
Section 3.2  | 
		Equations with Homogeneous Coefficients  | 
	
Section 3.3  | 
		Exact Equations  | 
	
Section 3.4  | 
		Integrating Factors and the First-Order Linear Equation  | 
	
Section 3.5  | 
		Variation of Parameters and the First-Order Linear Equation  | 
	
Section 3.6  | 
		The Bernoulli Equation  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 3  | 
	|
Chapter 4: Numeric Methods for Solving First-Order ODEs
Introduction - Chapter 4  | 
	|
Section 4.1  | 
		Fixed-Step Methods - Order and Error  | 
	
Section 4.2  | 
		The Euler Method  | 
	
Section 4.3  | 
		Taylor Series Methods  | 
	
Section 4.4  | 
		Runge-Kutta Methods  | 
	
Section 4.5  | 
		Adams-Bashforth Multistep Methods  | 
	
Section 4.6  | 
		Adams-Moulton Predictor-Corrector Methods  | 
	
Section 4.7  | 
		Milne's Method  | 
	
Section 4.8  | 
		rkf45, the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg Method  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 4  | 
	|
Chapter 5: Second-Order Differential Equations
Introduction - Chapter 5  | 
	|
Section 5.1  | 
		Springs 'n' Things  | 
	
Section 5.2  | 
		The Initial Value Problem  | 
	
Section 5.3  | 
		Overview of the Solution Process  | 
	
Section 5.4  | 
		Linear Dependence and Independence  | 
	
Section 5.5  | 
		Free Undamped Motion  | 
	
Section 5.6  | 
		Free Damped Motion  | 
	
Section 5.7  | 
		Reduction of Order and Higher-Order Equations  | 
	
Section 5.8  | 
		The Bobbing Cylinder  | 
	
Section 5.9  | 
		Forced Motion and Variation of Parameters  | 
	
Section 5.10  | 
		Forced Motion and Undetermined Coefficients  | 
	
Section 5.11  | 
		Resonance  | 
	
Section 5.12  | 
		The Euler Equation  | 
	
Section 5.13  | 
		The Green's Function Technique for IVPs  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 5  | 
	|
Chapter 6: The Laplace Transform
Introduction - Chapter 6  | 
	|
Section 6.1  | 
		Definition and Examples  | 
	
Section 6.2  | 
		Transform of Derivatives  | 
	
Section 6.3  | 
		First Shifting Law  | 
	
Section 6.4  | 
		Operational Laws  | 
	
Section 6.5  | 
		Heaviside Functions and the Second Shifting Law  | 
	
Section 6.6  | 
		Pulses and the Third Shifting Law  | 
	
Section 6.7  | 
		Transforms of Periodic Functions  | 
	
Section 6.8  | 
		Convolution and the Convolution Theorem  | 
	
Section 6.9  | 
		Convolution Products by the Convolution Theorem  | 
	
Section 6.10  | 
		The Dirac Delta Function  | 
	
Section 6.11  | 
		Transfer Function, Fundamental Solution, and the Green's Function  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 6  | 
	|
Unit Two: Infinite Series
Introduction - Unit Two  | 
	
Chapter 7: Sequences and Series of Numbers
Introduction - Chapter 7  | 
	|
Section 7.1  | 
		Sequences  | 
	
Section 7.2  | 
		Infinite Series  | 
	
Section 7.3  | 
		Series with Positive Terms  | 
	
Section 7.4  | 
		Series with Both Negative and Positive Terms  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 7  | 
	|
Chapter 8: Sequences and Series of Functions
Introduction - Chapter 8  | 
	|
Section 8.1  | 
		Sequences of Functions  | 
	
Section 8.2  | 
		Pointwise Convergence  | 
	
Section 8.3  | 
		Uniform Convergence  | 
	
Section 8.4  | 
		Convergence in the Mean  | 
	
Section 8.5  | 
		Series of Functions  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 8  | 
	|
Introduction - Chapter 9  | 
	|
Section 9.1  | 
		Taylor Polynomials  | 
	
Section 9.2  | 
		Taylor Series  | 
	
Section 9.3  | 
		Termwise Operations on Taylor Series  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 9  | 
	|
Introduction - Chapter 10  | 
	|
Section 10.1  | 
		General Formalism  | 
	
Section 10.2  | 
		Termwise Integration and Differentiation  | 
	
Section 10.3  | 
		Odd and Even Functions and Their Fourier Series  | 
	
Section 10.4  | 
		Sine Series and Cosine Series  | 
	
Section 10.5  | 
		Periodically Driven Damped Oscillator  | 
	
Section 10.6  | 
		Optimizing Property of Fourier Series  | 
	
Section 10.7  | 
		Fourier-Legendre Series  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 10  | 
	|
Introduction - Chapter 11  | 
	|
Section 11.1  | 
		Computing with Divergent Series  | 
	
Section 11.2  | 
		Definitions  | 
	
Section 11.3  | 
		Operations with Asymptotic Series  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 11  | 
	|
Unit Three: Ordinary Differential Equations - Part Two
Introduction - Unit Three  | 
	
Chapter 12: Systems of First-Order ODEs
Introduction - Chapter 12  | 
	|
Section 12.1  | 
		Mixing Tanks - Closed Systems  | 
	
Section 12.2  | 
		Mixing Tanks - Open Systems  | 
	
Section 12.3  | 
		Vector Structure of Solutions  | 
	
Section 12.4  | 
		Determinants and Cramer's Rule  | 
	
Section 12.5  | 
		Solving Linear Algebraic Equations  | 
	
Section 12.6  | 
		Homogeneous Equations and the Null Space  | 
	
Section 12.7  | 
		Inverses  | 
	
Section 12.8  | 
		Vectors and the Laplace Transform  | 
	
Section 12.9  | 
		The Matrix Exponential  | 
	
Section 12.10  | 
		Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors  | 
	
Section 12.11  | 
		Solutions by Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors  | 
	
Section 12.12  | 
		Finding Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors  | 
	
Section 12.13  | 
		System versus Second-Order ODE  | 
	
Section 12.14  | 
		Complex Eigenvalues  | 
	
Section 12.15  | 
		The Deficient Case  | 
	
Section 12.16  | 
		Diagonalization and Uncoupling  | 
	
Section 12.17  | 
		A Coupled Linear Oscillator  | 
	
Section 12.18  | 
		Nonhomogeneous Systems and Variation of Parameters  | 
	
Section 12.19  | 
		Phase Portraits  | 
	
Section 12.20  | 
		Stability  | 
	
Section 12.21  | 
		Nonlinear Systems  | 
	
Section 12.22  | 
		Linearization  | 
	
Section 12.23  | 
		The Nonlinear Pendulum  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 12  | 
	|
Chapter 13: Numerical Techniques: First-Order Systems and Second-Order ODEs
Introduction - Chapter 13  | 
	|
Section 13.1  | 
		Runge-Kutta-Nystrom  | 
	
Section 13.2  | 
		rk4 for First-Order Systems  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 13  | 
	|
Introduction - Chapter 14  | 
	|
Section 14.1  | 
		Power Series  | 
	
Section 14.2  | 
		Asymptotic Solutions  | 
	
Section 14.3  | 
		Perturbation Solution of an Algebraic Equation  | 
	
Section 14.4  | 
		Poincare Perturbation Solution for Differential Equations  | 
	
Section 14.5  | 
		The Nonlinear Spring and Lindstedt's Method  | 
	
Section 14.6  | 
		The Method of Krylov and Bogoliubov  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 14  | 
	|
Chapter 15: Boundary Value Problems
Introduction - Chapter 15  | 
	|
Section 15.1  | 
		Analytic Solutions  | 
	
Section 15.2  | 
		Numeric Solutions  | 
	
Section 15.3  | 
		Least-Squares, Rayleigh-Ritz, Galerkin, and Collocation Techniques  | 
	
Section 15.4  | 
		Finite Elements  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 15  | 
	|
Chapter 16: The Eigenvalue Problem
Introduction - Chapter 16  | 
	|
Section 16.1  | 
		Regular Sturm-Liouville Problems  | 
	
Section 16.2  | 
		Bessel's Equation  | 
	
Section 16.3  | 
		Legendre's Equation  | 
	
Section 16.4  | 
		Solution by Finite Differences  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 16  | 
	|
Unit Four: Vector Calculus
Introduction - Unit Four  | 
	
Introduction - Chapter 17  | 
	|
Section 17.1  | 
		Curves and Their Tangent Vectors  | 
	
Section 17.2  | 
		Arc Length  | 
	
Section 17.3  | 
		Curvature  | 
	
Section 17.4  | 
		Principal Normal and Binormal Vectors  | 
	
Section 17.5  | 
		Resolution of R'' into Tanential and Normal Components  | 
	
Section 17.6  | 
		Applications to Dynamics  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 17  | 
	|
Chapter 18: The Gradient Vector
Introduction - Chapter 18  | 
	|
Section 18.1  | 
		Visualizing Vector Fields and Their Flows  | 
	
Section 18.2  | 
		The Directional Derivative and Gradient Vector  | 
	
Section 18.3  | 
		Properties of the Gradient Vector  | 
	
Section 18.4  | 
		Lagrange Multipliers  | 
	
Section 18.5  | 
		Conservative Forces and the Scalar Potential  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 18  | 
	|
Chapter 19: Line Integrals in the Plane
Introduction - Chapter 19  | 
	|
Section 19.1  | 
		Work and Circulation  | 
	
Section 19.2  | 
		Flux through a Plane Curve  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 19  | 
	|
Chapter 20: Additional Vector Differential Operators
Introduction - Chapter 20  | 
	|
Section 20.1  | 
		Divergence and Its Meaning  | 
	
Section 20.2  | 
		Curl and Its Meaning  | 
	
Section 20.3  | 
		Products - One f and Two Operands  | 
	
Section 20.4  | 
		Products - Two f's and One Operand  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 20  | 
	|
Introduction - Chapter 21  | 
	|
Section 21.1  | 
		Surface Area  | 
	
Section 21.2  | 
		Surface Integrals and Surface Flux  | 
	
Section 21.3  | 
		The Divergence Theorem and the Theorems of Green and Stokes  | 
	
Section 21.4  | 
		Green's Theorem  | 
	
Section 21.5  | 
		Conservative, Solenoidal, and Irrotational Fields  | 
	
Section 21.6  | 
		Integral Equivalents of div, grad, and curl  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 21  | 
	|
Chapter 22: NonCartesian Coordinates
Introduction - Chapter 22  | 
	|
Section 22.1  | 
		Mappings and Changes of Coordinates  | 
	
Section 22.2  | 
		Vector Operators in Polar Coordinates  | 
	
Section 22.3  | 
		Vector Operators in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 22  | 
	|
Chapter 23: Miscellaneous Results
Introduction - Chapter 23  | 
	|
Section 23.1  | 
		Gauss' Theorem  | 
	
Section 23.2  | 
		Surface Area for Parametrically Given Surfaces  | 
	
Section 23.3  | 
		The Equation of Continuity  | 
	
Section 23.4  | 
		Green's Identities  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 23  | 
	|
Unit Five: Boundary Value Problems for PDEs
Introduction - Unit Five  | 
	
Introduction - Chapter 24  | 
	|
Section 24.1  | 
		The Plucked String  | 
	
Section 24.2  | 
		The Struck String  | 
	
Section 24.3  | 
		D'Alembert's Solution  | 
	
Section 24.4  | 
		Derivation of the Wave Equation  | 
	
Section 24.5  | 
		Longitudinal Vibrations in an Elastic Rod  | 
	
Section 24.6  | 
		Finite-Difference Solution of the One-Dimensional Wave Equation  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 24  | 
	|
Introduction - Chapter 25  | 
	|
Section 25.1  | 
		One-Dimensional Heat Diffusion  | 
	
Section 25.2  | 
		Derivation of the One-Dimensional Heat Equation  | 
	
Section 25.3  | 
		Heat Flow in a Rod with Insulated Ends  | 
	
Section 25.4  | 
		Finite-Difference Solution of the One-Dimensional Heat Equation  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 25  | 
	|
Chapter 26: Laplace's Equation in a Rectangle
Introduction - Chapter 26  | 
	|
Section 26.1  | 
		Nonzero Temperature on the Bottom Edge  | 
	
Section 26.2  | 
		Nonzero Temperature on the Top Edge  | 
	
Section 26.3  | 
		Nonzero Temperature on the Left Edge  | 
	
Section 26.4  | 
		Finite-Difference Solution of Laplace's Equation  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 26  | 
	|
Chapter 27: Nonhomogeneous Boundary Value Problems
Introduction - Chapter 27  | 
	|
Section 27.1  | 
		One-Dimensional Heat Equation with Different Endpoint Temperatures  | 
	
Section 27.2  | 
		One-Dimensional Heat Equation with Time-Varying Endpoint Temperatures  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 27  | 
	|
Chapter 28: Time-Dependent Problems in Two Spatial Dimensions
Introduction - Chapter 28  | 
	|
Section 28.1  | 
		Oscillations of a Rectangular Membrane  | 
	
Section 28.2  | 
		Time-Varying Temperatures in a Rectangular Plate  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 28  | 
	|
Chapter 29: Separation of Variables in NonCartesian Coordinates
Introduction - Chapter 29  | 
	|
Section 29.1  | 
		Laplace's Equation in a Disk  | 
	
Section 29.2  | 
		Laplace's Equation in a Cylinder  | 
	
Section 29.3  | 
		The Circular Drumhead  | 
	
Section 29.4  | 
		Laplace's Equation in a Sphere  | 
	
Section 29.5  | 
		The Spherical Dielectric  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 29  | 
	|
Chapter 30: Transform Techniques
Introduction - Chapter 30  | 
	|
Section 30.1  | 
		Solution by Laplace Transform  | 
	
Section 30.2  | 
		The Fourier Integral Theorem  | 
	
Section 30.3  | 
		The Fourier Transform  | 
	
Section 30.4  | 
		Wave Equation on the Infinite String - Solution by Fourier Transform  | 
	
Section 30.5  | 
		Heat Equation on the Infinite Rod - Solution by Fourier Transform  | 
	
Section 30.6  | 
		Laplace's Equation on the Infinite Strip - Solution by Fourier Transform  | 
	
Section 30.7  | 
		The Fourier Sine Transform  | 
	
Section 30.8  | 
		The Fourier Cosine Transform  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 30  | 
	|
Unit Six: Matrix Algebra
Introduction - Unit Six  | 
	
Introduction - Chapter 31  | 
	|
Section 31.1  | 
		The Algebra and Geometry of Vectors  | 
	
Section 31.2  | 
		Inner and Dot Products  | 
	
Section 31.3  | 
		The Cross-Product  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 31  | 
	|
Chapter 32: Change of Coordinates
Introduction - Chapter 32  | 
	|
Section 32.1  | 
		Change of Basis  | 
	
Section 32.2  | 
		Rotations and Orthogonal Matrices  | 
	
Section 32.3  | 
		Change of Coordinates  | 
	
Section 32.4  | 
		Reciprocal Bases and Gradient Vectors  | 
	
Section 32.5  | 
		Gradient Vectors and the Covariant Transformation Law  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 32  | 
	|
Chapter 33: Matrix Computations
Introduction - Chapter 33  | 
	|
Section 33.1  | 
		Summary  | 
	
Section 33.2  | 
		Projections  | 
	
Section 33.3  | 
		The Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Process  | 
	
Section 33.4  | 
		Quadratic Forms  | 
	
Section 33.5  | 
		Vector and Matrix Norms  | 
	
Section 33.6  | 
		Least Squares  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 33  | 
	|
Chapter 34: Matrix Factorization
Introduction - Chapter 34  | 
	|
Section 34.1  | 
		LU Decomposition  | 
	
Section 34.2  | 
		PJP-1 and Jordan Canonical Form  | 
	
Section 34.3  | 
		QR Decomposition  | 
	
Section 34.4  | 
		QR Algorithm for Finding Eigenvalues  | 
	
Section 34.5  | 
		SVD, The Singular Value Decomposition  | 
	
Section 34.6  | 
		Minimum-Length Least-Squares Solution, and the Pseudoinverse  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 34  | 
	|
Unit Seven: Complex Variables
Introduction - Unit Seven  | 
	
Introduction - Chapter 35  | 
	|
Section 35.1  | 
		Complex Numbers  | 
	
Section 35.2  | 
		The Function w = f(z) = z2  | 
	
Section 35.3  | 
		The Function w = f(z) = z3  | 
	
Section 35.4  | 
		The Exponential Function  | 
	
Section 35.5  | 
		The Complex Logarithm  | 
	
Section 35.6  | 
		Complex Exponents  | 
	
Section 35.7  | 
		Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions  | 
	
Section 35.8  | 
		Inverses of Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions  | 
	
Section 35.9  | 
		Differentiation and the Cauchy-Riemann Equations  | 
	
Section 35.10  | 
		Analytic and Harmonic Functions  | 
	
Section 35.11  | 
		Integration  | 
	
Section 35.12  | 
		Series in Powers of z  | 
	
Section 35.13  | 
		The Calculus of Residues  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 35  | 
	|
Introduction - Chapter 36  | 
	|
Section 36.1  | 
		Evaluation of Integrals  | 
	
Section 36.2  | 
		The Laplace Transform  | 
	
Section 36.3  | 
		Fourier Series and the Fourier Transform  | 
	
Section 36.4  | 
		The Root Locus  | 
	
Section 36.5  | 
		The Nyquist Stability Criterion  | 
	
Section 36.6  | 
		Conformal Mapping  | 
	
Section 36.7  | 
		The Joukowski Map  | 
	
Section 36.8  | 
		Solving the Dirichlet Problem by Conformal Mapping  | 
	
Section 36.9  | 
		Planar Fluid Flow  | 
	
Section 36.10  | 
		Conformal Mapping of Elementary Flows  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 36  | 
	|
Unit Eight: Numerical Methods
Introduction - Unit Eight  | 
	
Chapter 37: Equations in One Variable - Preliminaries
Introduction - Chapter 37  | 
	|
Section 37.1  | 
		Accuracy and Errors  | 
	
Section 37.2  | 
		Rate of Convergence  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 37  | 
	|
Chapter 38: Equations in One Variable - Methods
Introduction - Chapter 38  | 
	|
Section 38.1  | 
		Fixed-Point Iteration  | 
	
Section 38.2  | 
		The Bisection Method  | 
	
Section 38.3  | 
		Newton-Raphson Iteration  | 
	
Section 38.4  | 
		The Secant Method  | 
	
Section 38.5  | 
		Muller's Method  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 38  | 
	|
Chapter 39: Systems of Equations
Introduction - Chapter 39  | 
	|
Section 39.1  | 
		Gaussian Arithmetic  | 
	
Section 39.2  | 
		Condition Numbers  | 
	
Section 39.3  | 
		Iterative Improvement  | 
	
Section 39.4  | 
		The Method of Jacobi  | 
	
Section 39.5  | 
		Gauss-Seidel Iteration  | 
	
Section 39.6  | 
		Relaxation and SOR  | 
	
Section 39.7  | 
		Iterative Methods for Nonlinear Systems  | 
	
Section 39.8  | 
		Newton's Iteration for Nonlinear Systems  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 39  | 
	|
Introduction - Chapter 40  | 
	|
Section 40.1  | 
		Lagrange Interpolation  | 
	
Section 40.2  | 
		Divided Differences  | 
	
Section 40.3  | 
		Chebyshev Interpolation  | 
	
Section 40.4  | 
		Spline Interpolation  | 
	
Section 40.5  | 
		Bezier Curves  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 40  | 
	|
Chapter 41: Approximation of Continuous Functions
Introduction - Chapter 41  | 
	|
Section 41.1  | 
		Least-Squares Approximation  | 
	
Section 41.2  | 
		Pade Approximations  | 
	
Section 41.3  | 
		Chebyshev Approximation  | 
	
Section 41.4  | 
		Chebyshev-Pade and Minimax Approximations  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 41  | 
	|
Chapter 42: Numeric Differentiation
Introduction - Chapter 42  | 
	|
Section 42.1  | 
		Basic Formulas  | 
	
Section 42.2  | 
		Richardson Extrapolation  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 42  | 
	|
Chapter 43: Numeric Integration
Introduction - Chapter 43  | 
	|
Section 43.1  | 
		Methods from Elementary Calculus  | 
	
Section 43.2  | 
		Recursive Trapezoid Rule and Romberg Integration  | 
	
Section 43.3  | 
		Gauss-Legendre Quadrature  | 
	
Section 43.4  | 
		Adaptive Quadrature  | 
	
Section 43.5  | 
		Iterated Integrals  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 43  | 
	|
Chapter 44: Approximation of Discrete Data
Introduction - Chapter 44  | 
	|
Section 44.1  | 
		Least-Squares Regression Line  | 
	
Section 44.2  | 
		The General Linear Model  | 
	
Section 44.3  | 
		The Role of Orthogonality  | 
	
Section 44.4  | 
		Nonlinear Least Squares  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 44  | 
	|
Chapter 45: Numerical Calculation of Eigenvalues
Introduction - Chapter 45  | 
	|
Section 45.1  | 
		Power Methods  | 
	
Section 45.2  | 
		Householder Reflections  | 
	
Section 45.3  | 
		QR Decomposition via Householder Reflections  | 
	
Section 45.4  | 
		Upper Hessenberg Form, Givens Rotations, and the Shifted QR-Algorithm  | 
	
Section 45.5  | 
		The Generalized Eigenvalue Problem  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 45  | 
	|
Unit Nine: Calculus of Variations
Introduction - Unit Nine  | 
	
Introduction - Chapter 46  | 
	|
Section 46.1  | 
		Motivational Examples  | 
	
Section 46.2  | 
		Direct Methods  | 
	
Section 46.3  | 
		The Euler-Lagrange Equation  | 
	
Section 46.4  | 
		First Integrals  | 
	
Section 46.5  | 
		Derivation of the Euler-lagrange Equation  | 
	
Section 46.6  | 
		Transversality Conditions  | 
	
Section 46.7  | 
		Derivation of the Transversality Conditions  | 
	
Section 46.8  | 
		Three Generalizations  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 46  | 
	|
Chapter 47: Constrained Optimization
Introduction - Chapter 47  | 
	|
Section 47.1  | 
		Application of Lagrange Multipliers  | 
	
Section 47.2  | 
		Queen Dido's Problem  | 
	
Section 47.3  | 
		Isoperimetric Problems  | 
	
Section 47.4  | 
		The Hanging Chain  | 
	
Section 47.5  | 
		A Variable-Endpoint Problem  | 
	
Section 47.6  | 
		Differential Constraints  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 47  | 
	|
Chapter 48: Variational Mechanics
Introduction - Chapter 48  | 
	|
Section 48.1  | 
		Hamilton's Principle  | 
	
Section 48.2  | 
		The Simple Pendulum  | 
	
Section 48.3  | 
		A Compound Pendulum  | 
	
Section 48.4  | 
		The Spherical Pendulum  | 
	
Section 48.5  | 
		Pendulum with Oscillating Support  | 
	
Section 48.6  | 
		Legendre and Extended Legendre Transformations  | 
	
Section 48.7  | 
		Hamilton's Canonical Equations  | 
	
Review Exercises - Chapter 48  | 
	|